| Wide Area Monitoring Systems | Master | A conceptual overview Wide-area monitoring systems. WAMS: definition and <br>constitutive sub-processes, data resource, communication systems, applications / <br>functionalities. Wide-area monitoring system architectures; Centralized, Hierarchical <br>and Hybrid WAMS architectures. ICT Architecture Used in Wide-Area Power System <br>Monitoring. Issues in data acquisition and data fusion, Intelligent synchrophasor data <br>fusion, Power system data fusion strategies, General framework for data assimilation. <br>Phasor Measurement Techniques, Historical Overview, Phasor Representation of <br>Sinusoids, Fourier Series and Fourier Transform, Sampled Data and Aliasing, Discrete <br>Fourier Transform (DFT). Phasor Estimation of Nominal Frequency Inputs, Phasor <br>Measurement Units and Phasor Data Concentrators. Phasor Measurement Applications to <br>State Estimation. Wide area monitoring protection and control (WAMPAC), Control <br>systems with Phasor Feedback, Basic Framework and Operating Principle of Wide-Area <br>Damping Control. Protection Systems with Phasor Inputs. |
| Modern Sensors and smart metering | Master | Sensor Fundamentals, Basic Sensor Technology, Sensor Systems. Sensor Characteristics. <br>Sensor Transfer Functions, Mathematical Models, Functional Approximations, Linear <br>Regression, Polynomial Approximations, Sensitivity, Linear Piecewise Approximation, <br>Spline Interpolation, Multidimensional Transfer Functions, Calibration, Computation of <br>Parameters, Computation of a Stimulus. Wireless sensor and actuator networks <br>(WSANs), Fundamental of WSANs design, Communication Protocols and Signal <br>Processing Techniques for WSANs. Data Fusion in WSANs. Smart Metering System; <br>Advantages versus Constraints. Energy Metering Systems, Prepayment Systems, <br>Telemetry and Telecommand, Revenue Protection. Smart Metering Systems. Technical <br>Architectures for Energy Smart Metering Systems. Communication Technologies. Data <br>Security. Data Processing. Interoperability Challenges. |